When I got that little surgery done it was late spring so I wasn't skiing anyway, but in my experience I bet I could've skied the next day. The toe had a little wrap bandage on it but I didn't have any pain whatsoever. The worst part of the whole thing was the injection they gave to numb the toe before the surgery, that actually burned quite a bit.
Might not be the best idea to send it super hard until it's healed, but skiing mellowly should be fine. But based on the responses in this thread, it looks like it kinda varies from person to person. Just keep in mind what your doctor says and see how you're feeling.