uuh... those are limit screws... don't mess with them unless you know exactly what they do. If you adjust them incorrectly, the chain can come off the cassette and either chew up your frame or chew up your hub and spokes.
Chain tension: Adjust using the B-tension screw. Screwing it in increases the tension on your derailleur.
Worn drivetrain: Replace the cassette, chain and chainrings. Replacing only one of them at a time will cause accelerated wear on the newest item.
Derailleur hanger alignment: Bring it to the shop, they should have a tool to realign the hanger
Shifter cable tension: Use the barrel adjuster on the derailleur and adjust it 1/4 turn at a time. You'll want the cable tension adjusted so that if you're in the 3rd gear (for example), both the jockey and tension pulleys are in line with the 3rd cassette cog. Unscrewing the barrel increases cable tension, screwing it in decreases tension.
Stiff Chain Link: Bend the chain laterally until the stiff link loosens up.
For chain maintenance, you should wash it with a chain cleaner and lube it with an appropriate chain lube. Dry lubes are the best as they don't pick up as much dust, but you do have to reapply it fairly often.