I am not sure how many NS'ers actually have to flip their own travel bills. But I travel out west....on my own dime, not my parents. So like you I want the same things in a trip on a budget.
SLC is the ONLY location that is feasible for a budget. Here is why
1) Non-Stop flights from a brazillion cities with many carriers
2) Dozen ski resorts within a 1 hour drive from the airport.
3) Since SLC is right there and close...you can stay in SLC for $50 a night
4) They have a transit system that is low cost and included in the Salt Lake Super Pass
5) The Salt Lake Super Pass = ski Alta, Brighton, Snowbird, Solitude and get free transit on UTA from many locations in the city at a cost of only $56 a day, and right now they have a buy 4 days get 1 free even (booked my trip before this deal, damn)
6) As people have said the snow is pretty plentiful
7) Tons of terrain
8) SLC is cheap compared to Aspen and Tahoe
You think about Whistler....well you gotta have a passport....thats another $100. Canada has mad taxes, so your trip might only cost $1200 for lift tickets and transportation, after taxes it is like $1500
You think about Denver, but I-70 is a shit show and you are practically forced to stay in or around Dillon, and you might pay a premium for those hotels. And you are basically required to rent a vehicle.
Go ahead and price a trip out......but I got 9 nights / 10 days in SLC, December 25th - January 3rd for $501 per person non-stop flight. American Airlines, so ski bag is considered normal checked luggage. This is with 2 people before lift tickets. Hotel + airfare out the door. So for $1000 you can go skiing for 8 full days, afford food, lift tickets, transportation.....per person. You can find round-trip flights for as low as $219 out the door from Chicago to Salt Lake literally all the time.
Apres-ski lacks, but are you a gaper tourist who has to have a madd overpriced ski-town at the bottom of the hill? Yeah it looks cool, but you can go to Park City for that in Utah if you feel the need for that vibe
Best ski resort, or most cost effective trip.....I dunno I haven't been to enough to say which is the best. But I know that Utah will give you tons of terrain and snow and do it for cheap.
Every resort has its ups and downs, but I think if I had to pick a dream ski resort....from what I read and see Whistler would look the best on paper. They are hosting the 2010 Olympics also so everything is getting pimped out for that I imagine.
Planning a trip out on your own can be a little intimidating. There are a lot of costs you have to factor in that you might not plan. Want to rent a vehicle? Oh you are under 25? Thats a 30% hike in your bill (as much as $25 per day fee for being underage)
Good luck with your trip planning.