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does not exist, clocks exist.
Clock at the Royal Observatory, GreenwichContents [hide]1 History1.1 Sundials and other devices1.2 Water clocks1.3 Early mechanical clocks1.3.1 A new mechanism1.3.2 Early astronomical clocks[/list]1.4 Later developments[/list]2 How clocks work2.1 Power source2.2 Oscillator2.2.1 Synchronized or slave clocks[/list]2.3 Controller2.4 Counter chain2.5 Indicator[/list]3 Types3.1 Time display methods3.1.1 Analog clocks3.1.2 Digital clocks3.1.3 Auditory clocks[/list][/list]4 Purposes4.1 Ideal clocks4.2 Navigation[/list]5 Seismology6 Specific types of clocks7 See also7.1 Newsgroup[/list]8 Notes9 References10 External links[/list][edit]History
Replica of an ancient Chineseincense clockThe clock is one of the oldest human inventions, meeting the need to consistently measure intervals of time shorter than the natural units, the day, thelunar month, and the year. Such measurements require devices. Devices operating on several different physical processes have been used over the millennia, culminating in the clocks of today.[edit]Sundials and other devicesThe sundial, which measures the time of day by the direction of shadows cast by the sun, was widely used in ancient times. A well-designed sundial can measure local solar time with reasonable accuracy, and sundials continued to be used to monitor the performance of clocks until the modern era. However, its practical limitations - it requires the sun to shine and does not work at all during the night - encouraged the use of other techniques for measuring time. In India, the King of Jaipur the Pink City, Jai Singh II constructed many instruments and sundials in the observatories in cities Jaipur, Varanasi, Ujjain, Mathura between 1724-1730 A.D. He had a good interest in astronomy and town planning.Candle clocks, and sticks of incense that burn down at approximately predictable speeds have also been used to estimate the passing of time. In anhourglass, fine sand pours through a tiny hole at a constant rate and indicates a predetermined passage of an arbitrary period of time.[edit]Water clocksMain article: Water clock
A scale model of Su Song'sAstronomical Clock Tower, built in 11th century Kaifeng, China. It was driven by a large waterwheel, chain drive, and escapement mechanism.Water clocks, also known as clepsydrae (sg: clepsydra), along with the sundials, are possibly the oldest time-measuring instruments, with the only exceptions being the vertical gnomon and the day-counting tally stick.[3] Given their great antiquity, where and when they first existed are not known and perhaps unknowable. The bowl-shaped outflow is the simplest form of a water clock and is known to have existed in Babylon and in Egypt around the 16th century BC. Other regions of the world, including India and China, also have early evidence of water clocks, but the earliest dates are less certain. Some authors, however, write about water clocks appearing as early as 4000 BC in these regions of the world.[4]Greek astronomer, Andronicus of Cyrrhus, supervised the construction of the Tower of the Winds in Athens in the 1st century B.C.[5]The Greek and Roman civilizations are credited for initially advancing water clock design to include complex gearing,[6] which was connected to fancifulautomata and also resulted in improved accuracy. These advances were passed on through Byzantium and Islamic times, eventually making their way toEurope. Independently, the Chinese developed their own advanced water clocks, passing their ideas on to Korea and Japan.Some water clock designs were developed independently and some knowledge was transferred through the spread of trade. It is important to point out that the need for the common person to 'know what time it is' largely did not exist until the Industrial Revolution, when it became important to keep track of hours worked. In the earliest of times, however, the purpose for using a water clock was for astronomical and astrological reasons. These early water clocks were calibrated with a sundial. While never reaching the level of accuracy based on today's standards of timekeeping, the water clock was the most accurate and commonly used timekeeping device for millennia, until it was replaced by the more accurate pendulum clock in 17th century Europe.In 797 (or possibly 801), the Abbasid caliph of Baghdad, Harun al-Rashid, presented Charlemagne with an Asian Elephant named Abul-Abbas together with a "particularly elaborate example" of a water [7] clock.
An elephant clock in a manuscript byAl-Jazari (1206 AD) from The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices. [8]In the 13th century, Al-Jazari, an engineer who worked for Artuqid king of Diyar-Bakr, Nasir al-Din, made numerous clocks of all shapes and sizes. The book described 50 mechanical devices in 6 categories, including water clocks. The most reputed clocks included the Elephant, the Castle and Scribe clocks, all of which have been successfully reconstructed. As well as telling the time, these grand clocks were symbols of status, grandeur and wealth of the Urtuq State.[9][edit]Early mechanical clocksNone of the first clocks survived from 13th century Europe, but various mentions in church records reveal some of the early history of the clock.[10]Medieval religious institutions required clocks to measure and indicate the passing of time because, for many centuries, daily prayer and work schedules had to be strictly regulated. This was done by various types of time-telling and recording devices, such as water clocks, sundials and marked candles, probably used in combination. Important times and durations w
Clock at the Royal Observatory, GreenwichContents [hide]1 History1.1 Sundials and other devices1.2 Water clocks1.3 Early mechanical clocks1.3.1 A new mechanism1.3.2 Early astronomical clocks[/list]1.4 Later developments[/list]2 How clocks work2.1 Power source2.2 Oscillator2.2.1 Synchronized or slave clocks[/list]2.3 Controller2.4 Counter chain2.5 Indicator[/list]3 Types3.1 Time display methods3.1.1 Analog clocks3.1.2 Digital clocks3.1.3 Auditory clocks[/list][/list]4 Purposes4.1 Ideal clocks4.2 Navigation[/list]5 Seismology6 Specific types of clocks7 See also7.1 Newsgroup[/list]8 Notes9 References10 External links[/list][edit]History
Replica of an ancient Chineseincense clockThe clock is one of the oldest human inventions, meeting the need to consistently measure intervals of time shorter than the natural units, the day, thelunar month, and the year. Such measurements require devices. Devices operating on several different physical processes have been used over the millennia, culminating in the clocks of today.[edit]Sundials and other devicesThe sundial, which measures the time of day by the direction of shadows cast by the sun, was widely used in ancient times. A well-designed sundial can measure local solar time with reasonable accuracy, and sundials continued to be used to monitor the performance of clocks until the modern era. However, its practical limitations - it requires the sun to shine and does not work at all during the night - encouraged the use of other techniques for measuring time. In India, the King of Jaipur the Pink City, Jai Singh II constructed many instruments and sundials in the observatories in cities Jaipur, Varanasi, Ujjain, Mathura between 1724-1730 A.D. He had a good interest in astronomy and town planning.Candle clocks, and sticks of incense that burn down at approximately predictable speeds have also been used to estimate the passing of time. In anhourglass, fine sand pours through a tiny hole at a constant rate and indicates a predetermined passage of an arbitrary period of time.[edit]Water clocksMain article: Water clock
A scale model of Su Song'sAstronomical Clock Tower, built in 11th century Kaifeng, China. It was driven by a large waterwheel, chain drive, and escapement mechanism.Water clocks, also known as clepsydrae (sg: clepsydra), along with the sundials, are possibly the oldest time-measuring instruments, with the only exceptions being the vertical gnomon and the day-counting tally stick.[3] Given their great antiquity, where and when they first existed are not known and perhaps unknowable. The bowl-shaped outflow is the simplest form of a water clock and is known to have existed in Babylon and in Egypt around the 16th century BC. Other regions of the world, including India and China, also have early evidence of water clocks, but the earliest dates are less certain. Some authors, however, write about water clocks appearing as early as 4000 BC in these regions of the world.[4]Greek astronomer, Andronicus of Cyrrhus, supervised the construction of the Tower of the Winds in Athens in the 1st century B.C.[5]The Greek and Roman civilizations are credited for initially advancing water clock design to include complex gearing,[6] which was connected to fancifulautomata and also resulted in improved accuracy. These advances were passed on through Byzantium and Islamic times, eventually making their way toEurope. Independently, the Chinese developed their own advanced water clocks, passing their ideas on to Korea and Japan.Some water clock designs were developed independently and some knowledge was transferred through the spread of trade. It is important to point out that the need for the common person to 'know what time it is' largely did not exist until the Industrial Revolution, when it became important to keep track of hours worked. In the earliest of times, however, the purpose for using a water clock was for astronomical and astrological reasons. These early water clocks were calibrated with a sundial. While never reaching the level of accuracy based on today's standards of timekeeping, the water clock was the most accurate and commonly used timekeeping device for millennia, until it was replaced by the more accurate pendulum clock in 17th century Europe.In 797 (or possibly 801), the Abbasid caliph of Baghdad, Harun al-Rashid, presented Charlemagne with an Asian Elephant named Abul-Abbas together with a "particularly elaborate example" of a water [7] clock.
An elephant clock in a manuscript byAl-Jazari (1206 AD) from The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices. [8]In the 13th century, Al-Jazari, an engineer who worked for Artuqid king of Diyar-Bakr, Nasir al-Din, made numerous clocks of all shapes and sizes. The book described 50 mechanical devices in 6 categories, including water clocks. The most reputed clocks included the Elephant, the Castle and Scribe clocks, all of which have been successfully reconstructed. As well as telling the time, these grand clocks were symbols of status, grandeur and wealth of the Urtuq State.[9][edit]Early mechanical clocksNone of the first clocks survived from 13th century Europe, but various mentions in church records reveal some of the early history of the clock.[10]Medieval religious institutions required clocks to measure and indicate the passing of time because, for many centuries, daily prayer and work schedules had to be strictly regulated. This was done by various types of time-telling and recording devices, such as water clocks, sundials and marked candles, probably used in combination. Important times and durations w